Typewriting machine



lill

ll ll 7 BURNHAM C. STCKNEY. OE EUTHEREORD,

NEW JERSEY, ASSJTG'NR T0` UNDERFW) TYPEWRITER COMPANY, 03F NEW "iORK, N. Y., A CORPORATON 0F DELAWARE.

TYPEWRITING WIACHINE.

January 7, 1825.

To all 107mm t 977 n.1/ concern.'

Be it known that l. Burnin-mt C. STiCK- Nnv, a citizen of the United States. residing in Rutherford, in the county of Bergen and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Typewriting liachines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to types for a 1na chine for typevvriting; Japanese liatakana characters, each of which usually represents a complete syllable. This application is mainly a division ol my application, Serial No. (317.912, tiled February 9, 1923.

These syllables are usually written one be neath another down the page, whereby a single word inay he represented by a large number ot syllables or units Which are thus dissociated from one another and inalre nniltiesyllable Words difficult to read.

An object ol the present invention is to modify the katakana alphabet with a view to avoiding the necessity ot laboriously spellingr out the syllables.

rllhe novel font oi2 type is designed With a vienv to either printing' or typewritinnV the diameters or syllables in a horizontal line iroin lett to right, the characters closely spaced in `groups, each group separated by a space troni the next group, so that each group may forni a complete Word, which can be easily grasped or read as a unit by the eye. as is commonly done in reading;r English and other V4lnropean languages. To this end, the latakana letters have been re-designed. simplified, re-proportioned and irn-y proved, for the purpose of enabling them to eoalesce or harn'ionize for Word-reading. ln effecting' this improvement. however, the distinctive characteristics et the ltatalana. letters, which appeal to the eye of the reader, have not been altered. One ditlieulty with reading; ordinary ltataltana syllables arises from the fact that those strokes which ext-end 'from lett 'to right are given various inclinations. Dovvnvvard str kes also have incongrnons inclinations. ln devising the improved font ot type embodying this invention, the right to lett strokes are lia-rino nized,` and a similar course is taken with. downward strokes, Without altering the essential appearance of any character, the

Divided and this application led. Serial No. 969.

novel letters appealing to the eye and being instantly recognizable without eort. By harinonizing the letters so that the complete Words themselves can be instantly read as units, the tedious process of spelling' ont words troni syllabic units is avoided, and much tilne is gained, inasmuch as the eye becomes accustomed to the appearance of an entire Word, and no time is spent in inentally pieeinp,` syllables together.

` @ther features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

rl`he accompanying1 drawings show the iinproved design for alphabet of leatakana, or the types for typing or otherwise printing the saine.

rlhe latalzana letters have been re-designed, re-proportioned and iinproved With a view to giving them a pleasing` and acceptable appearance. ln the accoinpanyin, 331 drawings, the lirst live lines of characters correspond with the followingr English letters and groups:

A l U E U 'KA Kl KU KE KO SA SHI SU SE S0 TA @Hl TSU TE T0 NA Nl NU NE NO HA Hl FU THE HU MA Ml.' MU Mill MG YA.

YU YO RA Rl RU RE R0 TA N The sixth line contains the characters Wl illl WO and the small characters A l U E U TSU.

The seventh line contains the small chan actors FU HO Wl WE YU Y@ WA MU.

ln the last line is the daluon `for use in making the component characters GA. Zit. DA BA etc.

Many of the right-to-lett strokes of ordinary latakana are modified by making them horizontal., and many ot the ordinary npand-down strokes are modified into vertical lines. rlhis gives the Writing a trim and ele-l gant appearance, and the characters are given sqnareness and snbstantiality which maires them attractive and {tat/ors the readingI 'thereof in groups.

A. nniiorin height is established lier bodies et the letters9 and the top lines el? many olf the letters are lioriaonwl. e"

tend in a single array across the dncing; to the harmony oit the cl tending to render thein easily groups. The top pontions olf the dilifer at lli v distinduishes them from the Ja anese characters are made distinctive, whereby the. letters are readily recognized in ra id reading of horizontal lines To secure armony and good proportioning, many of the stems are extended far above the top body lines of their characters, and some extend below the main bottom line. These extensions render it unnecessary to cramp the bodies of the letters, or give to any of them an undersized appearance.

.eneral harmony is enhanced by having uniform height in nearly all instances for the lower of two horizontal lines employed many of the characters.

Ilhe two strokes of the letter Nl are made horizontal, the top one agreeing with the main top line ot the system, and the second one being' substantially elevated above the base line of writing, but below the middle ot the letters. rlhe strokes of the letter Ml. are also horizontal, the third stroke agreeing with the horizontal base line of the system of characters. rlhe letters Nl and Ml are further embellished by means oi terminal dots, one being formed at the right-hand end of the top stroke, and the other at the left-hand end of the bottom stroke. This characters for 2 and 3, and also makes them more easily read and more distinguished and elegant.

Dots are also used at the upper ends of S0 and lil@ and at the lower ends of Sill and N, for giving these characters added distinction and elegance, and enhancing the attractiveness of the page of typewriting or print.

Broadly curved corners are used in the place ot angular corners in many of the letters. Many of the characters are otherwise modified from the ordinary katakana, in order to harmonize them with one another and give distinction and lend attractiveness to the page o1 print.

'lShe types are shown as havingn substantially uniform width, for typewriting purposes. `lhe invention is also useful for ordinary printing, in which the width of the characters does not need to be uniform. I

The dakuon shown in the last line. occupies a uniform position in relation to the main characters, one of which is shown, for example Kl, in dotted lines. This dakuon mark is placed so that it will clear characters on both the left hand and right hand thereof, and it is curved towards the left to indicate clearly to which character it belongs.

The small characters in the sixth and seventh lines are adapted to a well-known use in writing katakana, and are made of harmonious proportions and are distinctive and add to the elegant appearance ofthe printed page. They correspond to the main characltlers in width, and are alittle over half as ta of the system,

amasar v Variations may be resorted to within the scope ot the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, l claim: K

1. A system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters.

2. A. system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, the vertical stems of many of the characters extending above their top horizontal lines.

3. A system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-leftstrokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are 'in line for substantially all the characters, the vertical stems of many of the characters extending above their top horizontal lines, the characters having a square appearance, and the bodies having substantially uniform height.

l. system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line tor substantially all the characters, the vertical stems of many of the characters extending above their top horizontal lines, and some of the stems extending below the main bottom line of the characters.

5. A system or' Japanese katakana types in which the riqht-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, the lower of two horizontal lines employed in many of the characters being of substantially uniform height.

6. A system otrJapanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line Jfor substantially all the characters, the two strokes of the letter Nl being horizontal, the top one agreeing with the main top line and the second one being substantially elevated above the line of writing.

7. A system oit Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, the two los strokes of the letter NI being horizontal, the i Maasai strokes of the letter Nl being horizontal, the

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top one agreeing with the main top line of the system, and the second one being substantially elevated above the line of Writing, the letters Nl and Ml being embellished by means of terminal dots, one dot being formed at the right-hand end of the top stroke of each of said letters, and the other at the left-hand end of the bottom stroke, to distinguish them from the Japanese characters for 2 and 3.

9. A system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, dots being used at the upper ends of S() and N0 and at the lower ends oit Sal-ll and N.

10. A system ci Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-le'ft strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, the two strokes of the letter lll being horizontal, the top one agreeing with the main top line of the system, and the second one being substantially elevated above the line of Writing, the letters lll and Ml being embellished by means, of terminal dots; dots being used at the upper ends ot S0 and il@ and at the lower ends ol' Slll and N.

ll. A system oi" Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-lelt strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line :tor substantially all the characters, broadly curved corners being used in place oi angular corners in most of the letters.

l2. A system ol Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-lett strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line Ator substantially all the characters, broadly curved corners being used in place ol angular corners in most ol the letters, and the characters being generally modified lromthe ordinary katakana to harmonize them `with one another.

13., A system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line 'for substantially all the characters, and a. dakuon mark connected to a silent key, said mark so placed that it Will print at the right upper part of the previously typed letters so as to clear characters on both the left hand and right hand, and curved towards the left to indicate to which character it belongs.

14e. A. system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontal strokes are in line itor substantially all the characters, and a series of undersized characters corresponding to thev main characters in Width and form and alittle over half as tall.

15, The improvement in katakana char actors and types therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-lett kstrokes horizontal with the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stern characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rect-angular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly ot horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of neat highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combining the letters into units for typing a line from left to right, with the bodies of the letters of uniform heightn 16. The improvement in katakana characters and ty es therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-lelt strokes horizontal with the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly ol horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of nexthighest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to lavor combining the letters into units for typing a line from lett to right, with the bodiesol the letters ot uniform height; certain of the `characters having bottom horizontal lines, most of these horizontal lines coinciding with the base line of the typing or printing, and the tops ol the characters being rendered distinctive mainly by extending stems above the tops ot the bodies of the letters O, KA, lil, Sill, SE, Cll'l, T0), NA, lll, YA, and curving stems downwardly to the left beyond the base line of the body letters ol' r i the characters Rl" and Willi the top and bottom extensions rendering it unnecessary either to cramp the bodies of the letters or to give any oit them an undersized appearance, said bodies having full and uniform pro ortions.

lr". The improvement in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising Inaking substantially all of the right-tolett strokes horizontal With the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly of horizontal strokes with vertical strokes ci next highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combinin the letters into units for typing a, line rom left to right, with the bodies ofthe letters olmil f uniform height, the points being placed horizontally in the characters SHI and N and vertically in the letter TSU.

18. The improvement in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-left strokes horizontal with 'the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly of horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of next highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combining the letters into units for typing a line from left to right, with the bodies of the letters of uniform height, the points being placed horizontally 1n the characters SHI and N and vertically in the letter TSU, and diagonally in the letter SO.

19. The improvement in katakana characters andtypes therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-left strokes horizontal with the top horizontal -strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly of horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of next highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combining the letters into units for typing a line from left to right, with the bodies of the letters of uniform height, the points being placed horizontally in the characters SHI and N and vertically in the letter TSU, the upper point in the letter SHI coinciding with the top line of the bodies of the characters, but the body of said letter SHI terminating at a point substantially below said top line.

20. The herein-described improvements in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising the character N beginning with an integral dot at its lower left-hand end and curving upwardly to the right from said dot to a point substantially below the top body line of the remaining characters.

2l. The herein-described improvements in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising the character N beginning with an integral dot at its lower left-hand end and curving upwardly to the right from said dot to a point substantially below the top body line of the remaining characters, and having a horizontal point above 'the dot and below the top of the character.

22. The improvement in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-left strokes horizontal with the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect and rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly of horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of next highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combining the letters into units for typing a line from left to right, with the bodies of the letters of uniform height, the points being placed horizontally in the characters SHI and N and vertically in the letter TSU, the points for TSU extending from the top of the character downwardly.

23. The improvement in katakana characters and types therefor, comprising making substantially all of the right-to-left strokes horizontal with the top horizontal strokes nearly all in alignment, and making nearly all the stems of the stem characters vertical, to give the characters an erect andl rectangular appearance, and making the characters consist mainly of horizontal strokes with vertical strokes of next highest frequency to produce a square substantial appearance and to favor combining the letters into units for typing a line from left to right, with the bodies of the letters of uniform height, broadly curved corners being used in the characters A, U, KA, KU, KO, SU, TSU, TA, NU, NE, HI, MA, MU, YA, YO, RO and VA.

24. A system of Japanese katakana types in which the right-and-left strokes are made substantially all horizontal, and in which the upper horizontalY strokes are in line for substantially all the characters, the two strokes of the character HA beginning at the top line of the characters and diverging downwardly therefrom to points substantially above the bottom line of the characters.

BURNHAM o. sTIeKNEY.

lVitnesses:

MARION R. MoCArrRnr, JENNIE P. THORNE. 

